Treatment of oral leukoplakia with antioxidants - A systematic review

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Published on Wednesday, 10 April 2019

Abstract

Oral leukoplakia is one of the common potentially malignant disorder which is mostly associated with the use of tobacco either in the form of smoking or smokeless, though idiopathic leukoplakia in patients free from habits has also been reported.

Diagnosis of the lesion in most of the cases is mainly based on history of use of tobacco and clinical finding such as raised elevated non-scrap able white patch seen in oral mucosa.

Oral leukoplakia once diagnosed, the patient is advised to discontinue the habit after proper counselling of the risk of leukoplakia turning into malignancy and is supported with mainly antioxidants in mild cases.

There are few clinical trials using other non surgical management like topical bleomycin, laser therapy, photodynamic therapy etc., but use of antioxidants is more common.

This review article aims in evaluating all the clinical trials using antioxidants namely Vitamin A,E,C, and lycopene as they are the most commonly used antioxidants in treatment of oral leukoplakia to assess the outcome measures such as clinical resolution, adverse effects, recurrence and malignant transformation.

 



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See also:

- Official Web Site: The Di Bella Method;

- The Di Bella Method (A Fixed Part - Vitamin C/Ascorbic Acid, 2–4 grams, twice a day orally);

- The Di Bella Method (A Fixed Part - Alpha tocopheryl acetate/Vitamin E, approximately 20 grams per day orally);

- Solution of retinoids in vitamin E in the Di Bella Method biological multitherapy;

- All-Trans-Retinoic Acid (ATRA - analogues and/or derivatives) - In vitro, review and in vivo publications;

- The Di Bella Method (A Fixed Part - All-Trans Retinoic Acid, Analogues and/or Derivatives - Approximately 60mg per day orally: 40mg per day Beta-Carotene/β-Carotene, 10mg per day ATRA and 10mg per day Axerophthol palmitate);

- Vitamin D (analogues and/or derivatives) and cancer - In vitro, review and in vivo publications;

- The Di Bella Method (A Fixed Part - Dihydrotachysterol, Alfacalcidol, synthetic Vitamin D3);

- Beta-Carotene or β-carotene in Solution of retinoids in vitamin E in the Di Bella Method biological multitherapy;

- The Di Bella Method DBM improved survival objective response and performance status in a retrospective observational clinical study on 23 tumours of the head and neck;

- Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme (grade IV – WHO 2007): a case of complete objective response achieved by means of the concomitant administration of Somatostatin and Octreotide – Retinoids – Vitamin E – Vitamin D3 – Vitamin C – Melatonin – D2 R agonists (Di Bella Method – DBM) associated with Temozolomide;

- Neuroblastoma: Complete objective response to biological treatment;

- Oesophageal squamocellular carcinoma: a complete and objective response.