Published on Wednesday, 11 August 2021
Abstract
The present study evaluated the retinoic acid (RA) enhancement of temozolomide (TMZ) effects on the human glioma cells U251 and explored its underlying molecular mechanism.
The cell growth was detected using the MTT assay and the cell cycle was assessed by flow cytometry.
Cell apoptosis was analyzed by Annexin V/propidium iodide staining, and the cell morphology was evaluated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Additionally, reverse transcription-PCR and western blot analysis were applied to detect the mRNA and protein levels.
The RA treatment in combination with TMZ in the human U251 cells further inhibited cells growth, arresting cell cycle progression at the G0/G1 phase, and significantly induced apoptosis of U251 cells. After the RA+TMZ treatment of U251 cells, autophagy associated proteins Beclin 1 and LC3B were significantly increased, and the TEM analysis were consistent with autophagy protein levels.
Moreover, Keap1/Nrf2/ARE expression was downregulated significantly, indicating the involvement in the mechanisms that RA treatment could enhance the TMZ effects on U251 cells.
RA treatment in combination with TMZ may provide some experimental evidence for the possible effect of RA+TMZ against the growth and the proliferation of glioma cells.
Therefore, the RA+TMZ administration may have potential utility for glioblastoma treatment.
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See also:
- Official Web Site: The Di Bella Method;
- The Di Bella Method (A Fixed Part - All-Trans Retinoic Acid, Analogues and/or Derivatives - Approximately 60mg per day orally: 40mg per day Beta-Carotene/β-Carotene, 10mg per day ATRA and 10mg per day Axerophthol palmitate);
- All-Trans-Retinoic Acid (ATRA - analogues and/or derivatives) - In vitro, review and in vivo publications;
- Solution of retinoids in vitamin E in the Di Bella Method biological multitherapy;
- The Di Bella Method (A Fixed Part - Alpha tocopheryl acetate/Vitamin E, approximately 20 grams per day orally);
- Cancer and Vitamin E (analogues and/or derivatives) and cancer - In vitro, review and in vivo publications;
- The Di Bella Method (A Fixed Part - Cyclophosphamide 50mg tablets and/or Hydroxyurea 500mg tablets, one or two per day);
- Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme (grade IV – WHO 2007): a case of complete objective response achieved by means of the concomitant administration of Somatostatin and Octreotide – Retinoids – Vitamin E – Vitamin D3 – Vitamin C – Melatonin – D2 R agonists (Di Bella Method – DBM) associated with Temozolomide;
- A retrospective observational study on cases of anaplastic brain tumors treated with the Di Bella Method: A rationale and effectiveness;
- The Di Bella Method DBM improved survival objective response and performance status in a retrospective observational clinical study on 23 tumours of the head and neck;
- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Long-Lasting Remission with Combination of Cyclophosphamide, Somatostatin, Bromocriptine, Retinoids, Melatonin, and ACTH;
- Neuroblastoma: Complete objective response to biological treatment;
- Oesophageal squamocellular carcinoma: a complete and objective response;
- The Synergism of Somatostatin, Melatonin, Vitamins Prolactin and Estrogen Inhibitors Increased Survival, Objective Response and Performance Status In 297 Cases of Breast Cancer;
- Complete objective response, stable for 5 years, with the Di Bella Method, of multiple-metastatic carcinoma of the breast;
- Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of the first-line treatment with somatostatin combined with melatonin, retinoids, vitamin D3, and low doses of cyclophosphamide in 20 cases of breast cancer: a preliminary report;
- The Di Bella Method (DBM) improved survival, objective response and performance status in a retrospective observational clinical study on 122 cases of breast cancer;
- Complete objective response to biological therapy of plurifocal breast carcinoma.
