All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA - analogues and/or derivatives) and cancer
All-trans-retinoic acid is a derivative of Vitamin A by substitution of the terminal alcoholic radical OH with the carboxyl radical COOH.
Together with other Retinoids, ATRA has been included in the Di Bella Method (DBM) - see below Figure "Retinoid Solution" - antitumor protocol for decades, but only in recent years has been "discovered" by medical and scientific research with a particularly wide and growing range of both clinical and experimental studies, which have confirmed its full valence both preventive and therapeutic efficacy on cancer.
Particularly numerous are the works published on the effectiveness of Retinoic Acid (analogues and/or derivatives), i.e.In Vitro, In Vivo (Animal Only), Review, Editorial, Meta-Analysis and In Vivo (Human Only), used either alone or in combination with other active principles, in all epithelial neoplastic pathologies. Therefore, its activity extends to the respiratory, digestive, genitourinary/urogenital, tegumental and exocrine gland systems, including the skin and its appendages.
It has been recently ascertained its effectiveness in various leukemic forms, in particular in the acute promyelocytic one.
Its anticancer action/activity, similarly to other Retinoids, extends to all tumor forms and is exerted through mechanisms which are anti-proliferative, pro-differentiating, anti-metastatic, pro-apoptopic (i.e. programmed tumor cell death induction) and anti-angiogenic.
These mechanisms are synergic and strengthen those induced by Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Somatostatin, Melatonin and Bromocriptin (or alternatively Cabergolin). Moreover, Retinoic Acid plays a key role in strengthening the integrity and efficiency of all epithelia and of the immune system.
Retinoids - Interview with Dr. Fadlo Khuri
Retinoid pathway alterations related to breast cancer
Only In Vitro Research (Isolated organs, tissues, cells, or biochemical systems - IUPAC Gold Book definition)
Editorial - Letter to the Editor - Communication - Commentary
Meta-Analysis, Pooled Analysis and Narrative Reviews
In Vivo (Human Only: Case Reports/Series, Clinical Trials, Comparative Studies, Randomized Controlled Trials and Retrospective Studies)