Induction of macrophage differentiation of human normal and leukemic myeloid stem cells by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and its fluorinated analogues

Abstract

This study shows for the first time that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3[1,25-(OH)2D3] and two fluorinated analogues of 1,25-(OH)2D3 [24,24-F2-1,25-(OH)2D3 and 26, 26, 26, 27, 27, 27-F6-1,25-(OH)2D3] induce macrophage differentiation of human normal and leukemic myeloid stem cells.

The addition of either 1,25-(OH)2D3 or one of the two fluorinated analogues of 1,25-(OH)2D3 at concentrations as low as 10(-9) M to culture plates containing normal human marrow cells stimulated myeloid stem cells to preferentially differentiate to colonies of monocytes and macrophages.

Over 80% of the normal human myeloid colonies were composed of only monocytes and macrophages in culture plates containing 10(-7) M 1,25-(OH)2D3 or one of the fluorinated analogues. In contrast, control plates not containing 1,25-(OH)2D3 had less than 35% macrophage colonies.

Likewise, 1,25-(OH)2D3 and the two vitamin D analogues induced macrophage differentiation of leukemic colony-forming cells taken from patients. In plates containing 10(-7) M 1,25-(OH)2D3 or one of the analogues at 10(-8) M, 80% of chronic myelogenous leukemia and approximately 50% of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia colony-forming cells differentiated to macrophage-like cells. In contrast, control plates had about 30 and 20% macrophage colonies in cultures from chronic myelogenous leukemia and acute nonlymphocytic leukemia patients, respectively.

Our findings suggest that 1,25-(OH)2D3 may play a role in hematopoiesis and that the compound or a related analogue may possibly have a therapeutic role in some leukemias.

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See also Vitamin D and cancer.