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Long-term melatonin administration attenuates low-LET gamma-radiation-induced lymphatic tissue injury during the reproductively active and inactive phases of Indian palm squirrels (Funambulus pennanti)

Published on Wednesday, 20 July 2022

Abstract

A comparative analysis of low linear energy transfer (LET) gamma-radiation-induced damage in the lymphatic tissue of a tropical seasonal breeder, Indian palm squirrel (Funambulus pennanti), during its reproductively active phase (RAP) and inactive phase (RIP) was performed with simultaneous investigation of the effects of long-term melatonin pre-treatment (100 microg/100 g body weight).

A total of 120 squirrels (60 during RAP and 60 during RIP) were divided into 12 groups and sacrificed at 4, 24, 48, 72 and 168 h following 5 Gy gamma-radiation exposure; control groups were excluded from exposure.

Total leukocyte count and absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) and melatonin only of peripheral blood, stimulation index, thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substances (TBARS) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and the apoptotic index of spleen as analysed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) nick-end labelling (TUNEL) noted at observed time-points were significantly reduced in melatonin pre-treated groups during RAP and RIP. Long-term melatonin pre-treatment mitigated radiation-induced alterations more prominently during RIP, as assessed by ALC, TBARS, SOD, TUNEL and caspase-3 activity, at some time-points.

Our results demonstrate an inhibitory role of melatonin on caspase-3 activity in splenocytes during RAP and RIP following gamma-radiation-induced caspase-mediated apoptosis.

Hence, we propose that melatonin might preserve the viability of immune cells of a seasonal breeder against background radiation, which is constantly present in the environment.

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