All trans-retinoic acid abrogates the pro-tumorigenic phenotype of prostate cancer tumor-associated macrophages

Abstract

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a prominent cell type of the tumor stroma and stimulate malignant cell growth, survival and metastasis.

The present manuscript demonstrates that prostate cancer cell-derived factors induce a pro-tumoral TAM-like phenotype characterized by increased proliferation and increased expression of pro-angiogenic, immunosuppressive and pro-metastatic factors.

These effects were abrogated by all trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), a clinically available molecule with known immune-modulating properties.

Furthermore, ATRA inhibited the cancer cell-stimulated proliferation of the pro-tumoral macrophages and restored their cytotoxic capacity towards prostate cancer cells.

These findings suggest the use of ATRA as an immunomodulating agent to block the activity of prostate cancer TAMs.

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See also:

- All-Trans-Retinoic Acid (ATRA - analogues and/or derivatives);

- Solution of retinoids in vitamin E in the Di Bella Method biological multitherapy;

- The Di Bella Method (DBM) in the treatment of prostate cancer: a preliminary retrospective study of 16 patients and a review of the literature;

- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Long-Lasting Remission with Combination of Cyclophosphamide, Somatostatin, Bromocriptine, Retinoids, Melatonin, and ACTH;

- The Di Bella Method DBM improved survival objective response and performance status in a retrospective observational clinical study on 23 tumours of the head and neck.