Home page News Related Researches 2010-2019

Immunohistochemical expression of somatostatin receptor subtypes in prostate tissue from cystoprostatectomies with incidental prostate cancer

Published on Friday, 17 October 2014

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To examine immunohistochemically the expression of the five somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) in cystoprostatectomies (CyPs) with incidental prostate cancer.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The five SSTRs (SSTR1-5) were evaluated in 'normal-looking' epithelium (NEp), high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) and pT2a Gleason score 6 adenocarcinoma in 20 CyP specimens with incidental prostate cancer and 20 radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens with clinically detected prostate cancer.

RESULTS: For cytoplasm expression, the mean percentage of positive secretory cells with strong cytoplasmic staining increased from NEp to HGPIN and prostate cancer, being slightly lower in the CyP than in the RP specimens. Both in the CyP and RP specimens SSTR4 was found in the highest percentage of cells. There was membrane staining in the secretory cells for SSTR3 and SSTR4. There was nuclear staining in the secretory cells for SSTR4 and SSTR5. For SSTR1 and SSTR3 the mean proportions of positive basal cells were higher than for the other three subtypes, and greater in NEp than in HGPIN. There were positive smooth muscle and endothelial cells for all five SSTR subtypes, the highest proportions being SSTR1 and the lowest SSTR5.

CONCLUSIONS: This immunohistochemical study expands our knowledge of the expression and localization of SSTRs in the various tissue components in the prostate with incidental cancer, compared with clinically detected cancer. Such information might be useful in developing further non-invasive strategies for the prevention and treatment of pre-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the prostate.

Download the complete article

About this publication.

The Di Bella's Method: Use of Somatostatin/Octreotide analogues and/or derivatives (since 1977), Melatonin (since 1974), Vitamin D, Retinoic Acid, Beta-Carotene and Axerophthol palmitate, Hormone therapy (e.g. Enantone, Decapeptyl and analogues), pseudo-Metronomic Chemotherapy Cyclophosphamide and/or Hydroxyurea with prolactin inhibitors Cabergoline and/or Bromocriptine (together with others chemical compounds) in Prostate Cancer (the dosage and administration schedule must be individualised for each patient):

- Disease Control after Androgen Deprivation Therapy Combined with Di Bella Multitherapy (Di Bella's Foundation);

- The Di Bella Method (DBM) in the treatment of prostate cancer: a preliminary retrospective study of 16 patients and a review of the literature;

- The Di Bella Method (A Fixed Part - Somatostatin, Octreotide, Sandostatin LAR, analogues and/or derivatives since 1977);

- Somatostatin in oncology, the overlooked evidences - In vitro, review and in vivo publications;

- Publication, 2018 Jul: Over-Expression of GH/GHR in Breast Cancer and Oncosuppressor Role of Somatostatin as a Physiological Inhibitor (from Di Bella's Foundation);

- Publication, 2018 Sep: The over-expression of GH/GHR in tumour tissues with respect to healthy ones confirms its oncogenic role and the consequent oncosuppressor role of its physiological inhibitor, somatostatin: a review of the literature (from Di Bella's Foundation);

- Publication, 2019 Aug: The Entrapment of Somatostatin in a Lipid Formulation: Retarded Release and Free Radical Reactivity (from Di Bella's Foundation);

- Publication, 2019 Sep: Effects of Somatostatin and Vitamin C on the Fatty Acid Profile of Breast Cancer Cell Membranes (from Di Bella's Foundation);

- Publication, 2019 Sep: Effects of somatostatin, curcumin, and quercetin on the fatty acid profile of breast cancer cell membranes (from Di Bella's Foundation);

- Publication, 2020 Sep: Two neuroendocrine G protein-coupled receptor molecules, somatostatin and melatonin: Physiology of signal transduction and therapeutic perspectives (from Di Bella's Foundation);

- The Di Bella Method (A Fixed Part - Bromocriptine and/or Cabergoline);

- Prolactin inhibitors in oncology - In vitro, review and in vivo publications;

- The Di Bella Method (A Fixed Part - Cyclophosphamide 50mg tablets and/or Hydroxyurea 500mg tablets, one or two per day);

The Di Bella's Method: Use of Somatostatin/Octreotide analogues and/or derivatives since 1977, prolactin inhibitors Cabergoline and/or Bromocriptine associated with pseudo-Metronomic Chemotherapy Cyclophosphamide and/or Hydroxyurea - together with others chemical compounds: the dosage and administration schedule must be individualised for each patient - in several Oncological Pathologies:

- A retrospective observational study on cases of Osteosarcomas treated with a multitherapy: The rationale and effectiveness;

- A Retrospective Observational Study on Cases of Sarcoma Treated with the Di Bella Method: Rationale and Effectiveness;

- Congenital fibrosarcoma in complete remission with Somatostatin, Retinoids, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Vitamin C, Melatonin, Calcium, Chondroitin sulfate associated with low doses of Cyclophosphamide in a 14-year Follow Up;

- A retrospective observational clinical study of triple negative breast cancer cases treated with Di Bella Method: A preliminary data;

- The Synergism of Somatostatin, Melatonin, Vitamins Prolactin and Estrogen Inhibitors Increased Survival, Objective Response and Performance Status In 297 Cases of Breast Cancer;

- Complete objective response, stable for 5 years, with the Di Bella Method, of multiple-metastatic carcinoma of the breast;

- Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of the first-line treatment with somatostatin combined with melatonin, retinoids, vitamin D3, and low doses of cyclophosphamide in 20 cases of breast cancer: a preliminary report;

- The Di Bella Method (DBM) improved survival, objective response and performance status in a retrospective observational clinical study on 122 cases of breast cancer;

- Complete objective response to biological therapy of plurifocal breast carcinoma;

- A retrospective observational study on cases of anaplastic brain tumors treated with the Di Bella Method: A rationale and effectiveness;

- Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme (grade IV – WHO 2007): a case of complete objective response achieved by means of the concomitant administration of Somatostatin and Octreotide – Retinoids – Vitamin E – Vitamin D3 – Vitamin C – Melatonin – D2 R agonists (Di Bella Method – DBM) associated with Temozolomide;

- The Di Bella Method DBM improved survival objective response and performance status in a retrospective observational clinical study on 23 tumours of the head and neck;